Chemical release system

ABSTRACT

A chemical release system. Implementations may utilize implementations of a first cartridge that include a body coupled with a cartridge head at a first end and coupled with an end plug at a second end where the cartridge head includes a through hole configured to engage with an annular flange in a main head. The body may have an internal cross section. The first cartridge may also include a flow restrictor plate disposed within the body between the first end and the second end where the flow restrictor plate is oriented substantially parallel to the cartridge head within the body, includes only one opening therethrough, and substantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body. The body may include one or more through holes in a side of the body located between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridge head.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This document claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application 61/121,292, entitled “Mechanical Release System” toTerry et al., which was filed on Dec. 10, 2008, the disclosure of whichis hereby incorporated entirely herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

Aspects of this document relate generally to systems used for transferof one or more chemical components into a liquid.

2. Background Art

A wide variety of conventional systems and assemblies have been devisedto transfer a chemical component into a liquid. The reason for thetransfer may be to start a reaction, allow for separation of a desiredcomponent in the liquid from the liquid, or to control a characteristicof the liquid. In water purification systems, filter systems have beendevised that capture solid particles and foreign material present in thewater as it flows through the filters. Other water processing systemsoperate by purifying the water through distillation processes, leavingimpurities behind, or by treating the water with ultraviolet light tokill bacteria and other organisms present in the water. The taste ofwater has also been controlled by the use of activated carbon filtersthat serve to capture chemicals in the water that cause disagreeableodors and/or tastes. Each of these systems seeks to control acharacteristic of the water.

SUMMARY

Implementations of chemical release systems may utilize implementationsof a first cartridge that include a body coupled with a cartridge headat a first end and coupled with an end plug at a second end where thecartridge head includes a through hole configured to engage with anannular flange in a main head. The body may have an internal crosssection. The first cartridge may also include a flow restrictor platedisposed within the body between the first end and the second end wherethe flow restrictor plate is oriented substantially parallel to thecartridge head within the body, includes only one opening therethrough,and substantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body.The body may include one or more through holes in a side of the bodylocated between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridge head.

Implementations of a first cartridge may include one, all, or any of thefollowing:

The first cartridge may include a quantity of scale-reducing chemicaldisposed within the body between the flow restrictor plate and the endplug.

A diameter of the only one opening of the flow restrictor plate may besmaller than a diameter of the one or more through holes in the side ofthe body.

Implementations of chemical release systems may utilize implementationsof a second cartridge that include a body coupled with a cartridge headat a first end and coupled with an end plug at a second end where thecartridge head includes a through hole configured to engage with anannular flange in a main head and where the body forms a substantiallyannularly cylindrical housing having an internal cross section. Thesecond cartridge may include a flow restrictor plate disposed within thebody between the first end and the second end where the flow restrictorplate is oriented substantially parallel to the cartridge head withinthe body, includes only one opening therethrough, and substantiallyconforms with the internal cross section of the body. An internal flowbody may be included coupled to the flow restrictor plate at a firstside of the internal flow body and at a side of the flow restrictorplate that faces the second end. The internal flow body maysubstantially conform with the internal cross section of the body andmay include a first opening therein extending from the first side of theinternal flow body through a second side of the internal flow body wherethe first opening is aligned with the only one opening of the flowrestrictor plate. A second opening may be included therein that extendsinwardly from the second side of the internal flow body and joins with athird opening in a thickness of the internal flow body. The thirdopening may be aligned substantially perpendicularly with the secondopening and may be aligned with a first through hole in a side of thebody. The body may include one or more second through holes in a side ofthe body located between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridgehead.

Implementations of a second cartridge may include one, all, or any ofthe following:

The cartridge may include a quantity of scale-reducing chemical disposedwithin the body between the internal flow body and the end plug.

The internal flow body may further include a recirculation zone at alocation within the internal flow body where the second opening andthird opening join.

The recirculation zone may be formed by a fourth opening in the internalflow body extending from the first side inwardly that has a diametergreater than the second opening and which is aligned with the secondopening.

The recirculation zone may include at least one taper at the locationwhere the second opening and the third opening join.

A diameter of the first opening may be smaller than a diameter of thesecond opening.

A diameter of the first through hole and a diameter of the one or moresecond through holes in the side of the body may be the same.

Implementations of a chemical release system may include a pressurevessel including a unitary housing defining an internal cavity and anopening at a first end including a shoulder. A main head may also beinclude and coupled to the pressure vessel at the shoulder with a firstannular flange. The main head may include an inlet opening therein andan outlet opening therein where the inlet opening extends from an inletinto the main head and out a first side of the main head facing theinternal cavity of the unitary housing. The outlet opening may extendinwardly from the first side of the main head and out an outlet of themain head where the outlet opening is encircled by a second annularflange extending from the first side of the main head. A cartridge maybe included that is coupled with the main head at the second annularflange. The cartridge may include a body coupled with a cartridge headat a first end and coupled with an end plug at a second end where thecartridge head includes a through hole configured to engage with thesecond annular flange. The body may form a substantially annularlycylindrical housing having an internal cross section. A flow restrictorplate may be disposed within the body between the first end and thesecond end wherein the flow restrictor plate is oriented substantiallyparallel to the cartridge head within the body, includes only oneopening therethrough, and substantially conforms with the internal crosssection of the body. An internal flow body may be coupled with the flowrestrictor plate at a first side of the internal flow body and maysubstantially conform with the internal cross section of the body. Theinternal flow body may include a first opening therein extending fromthe first side of the internal flow body through a second side of theinternal flow body where the first opening is aligned with the only oneopening of the flow restrictor plate. A second opening may be includedtherein that extends inwardly from the second side of the internal flowbody and joins with a third opening in a thickness of the internal flowbody. The third opening may be aligned substantially perpendicularly tothe second opening and may be aligned with a first through hole in aside of the body. The body may include one or more second through holesin side of the body located between the flow restrictor plate and thecartridge head.

Implementations of chemical release systems like those disclosed in thisdocument may include one, all, or any of the following:

The cartridge may further include a quantity of scale-reducing chemicaldisposed within the body between the internal flow body and the endplug.

The internal flow body may further include a recirculation zone at alocation within the internal flow body where the second opening andthird opening join.

The recirculation zone may be formed by a fourth opening in the internalflow body extending from the first side inwardly having a diametergreater than the second opening and aligned with the second opening.

The recirculation zone may include at least one taper at the locationwhere the second opening and third opening join.

A diameter of the first opening may be smaller than a diameter of thesecond opening.

A diameter of the first through hole and a diameter of the one or moresecond through holes in the side of the body may be the same.

The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will beapparent to those artisans of ordinary skill in the art from theDESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations will hereinafter be described in conjunction with theappended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:

FIG. 1 is a cross section view of an implementation of a chemicalrelease system taken through the center of an inlet and outlet of themain head;

FIG. 2 is a cross section view of an implementation of a first cartridgetaken through the center of the cartridge;

FIG. 3 is a detail cross section view of a first end of the firstcartridge implementation illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a detail cross section view of the second end of the firstcartridge implementation illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a detail cross section view of the main head of theimplementation of a chemical release system illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6A is a detail sectional view of a first end of an implementationof a second cartridge showing the internal structure of the first end;

FIG. 6B is a detail cross section view of the first end of the secondcartridge implementation illustrated in FIG. 6A;

FIG. 7 is a detail cross section view of the first end of animplementation of a third cartridge.

DESCRIPTION

This disclosure, its aspects and implementations, are not limited to thespecific components or assembly procedures disclosed herein. Manyadditional components and assembly procedures known in the artconsistent with the intended chemical release system and/or assemblyprocedures for a chemical release system will become apparent for usewith particular implementations from this disclosure. Accordingly, forexample, although particular implementations are disclosed, suchimplementations and implementing components may comprise any shape,size, style, type, model, version, measurement, concentration, material,quantity, and/or the like as is known in the art for such chemicalrelease systems and implementing components, consistent with theintended operation.

Structure:

Referring to FIG. 1, a cross section view of an implementation of achemical release system 2 is illustrated. As illustrated, the system 2includes a pressure vessel 4 coupled to a main head 6 at a first end 18to which a cartridge (first cartridge) 8 has been coupled. The main head6 includes an inlet 10 and an outlet 12 that are configured to becoupled inline with a cold water line (or other line carrying anothertype of liquid) through the use of any of a wide variety of fittingsand/or connections, such as push-connect fittings, compression fittings,welds, or any other method of coupling pipe. The cartridge 8 inparticular implementations may couple to the pressure vessel 4 through aprojection 14 that extends from a second end 16 of the pressure vessel4.

Referring to FIG. 2, an implementation of a cartridge 8 like the oneillustrated in FIG. 1 is shown. As illustrated, the body 28 of thecartridge 8 has a first end 20 and a second end 22 with a cartridge head24 coupled at the first end 20 and an end plug 26 coupled at the secondend 22. The body 28 of the cartridge 8 may, in particularimplementations, form an annularly cylindrical housing, though the body28 may form any shaped housing depending upon the shape of the crosssection of the body, such as, by non-limiting example, square, oval,elliptical, rectangular, octagonal, and any other closed shape. Achemical 30 is disposed within a portion of the body 28. Any of a widevariety of chemicals 30 may be included in various implementations ofchemical release systems, depending upon the desired function of thesystem. For example, if the fluid flowing through the chemical releasesystem were water, the chemical may be a proprietary blend ofbiodegradable citric acid (H₃C₆H_(S)O₇) and polyphosphate (PO₄) or otherphosphates marketed under the tradename Citryne® designed to prevent thebuild up of scale caused by calcium carbonate and other ions in hardwater on equipment and piping. In these implementations, the blend maybe included in the form of a powder dispersed within the body 28 orwithin a water permeable bag that holds the Citryne® powder. An exampleof such a bag is found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,297,257 to LeRoy Terryentitled “Chemical Release System,” issued Nov. 20, 2007, the disclosureof which is hereby incorporated herein entirely by reference. If thefluid flowing through the chemical release system were oil, the chemical30 may be a reactive material that may be premixed with the oil beforeit enters a reactor. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily beable to selected chemicals and a proper way of placing the chemicalwithin the body 28 in order to create the desired effect of a particularchemical release system implementation.

Referring to FIG. 3, a detail view of the first end 20 of the cartridge8 of FIG. 2 is illustrated. As illustrated, the cartridge head 24includes a through hole 32 that is configured to engage with an annularflange in the main head 6. The body 28 also includes two through holes34 in a side of the body 28, though a single through hole or more thantwo through holes may be utilized in particular implementations. Thethrough holes 34 are located between the cartridge head 24 and a flowrestrictor plate 36 disposed between the first end 20 and the second end22 of the cartridge 8 which has substantially the same cross section asthe body 28. As illustrated, the flow restrictor plate 36 is orientedsubstantially parallel to the cartridge head 24. A single opening 38extends through the flow restrictor plate 36. Since there are no otheropenings in the body between the through holes 34 and the portion of theinterior of the body 28 on the side of the flow restrictor plate 36 thatfaces the end cap 26, the only way for fluid to enter and leave theportion is through the single opening 38.

Referring to FIG. 4, the structure of the second end 22 of the cartridge8 is illustrated showing the end cap 26 that, in particularimplementations, includes a through hole 40 therethrough sized tocorrespond with the projection 14 that extends from the second end 16 ofthe pressure vessel 4. In implementations where the end cap 26 includesa through hole 40, a plug plate 42 may be enclosed that completely sealsthe second end 22 of the body 28 thereby preventing fluid from entering.

Referring to FIG. 5, a cross section of the main head 6 illustrated inFIG. 1 is shown with the pressure vessel 4 and cartridge 8 coupled intheir respective positions. As illustrated, the main head 6 includes afirst annular flange 44 that engages with a shoulder 46 included in thepressure vessel 4. As illustrated, the first annular flange 44 mayinclude screw threads 48 that engage in corresponding screw threads 50in an annular flange 52 extending from the shoulder 46 of the pressurevessel 4. Other implementations may have the pressure vessel 4 and mainhead 6 coupled through any of a wide variety of other structures and orsystems, such as, by non-limiting example, gluing, welding, compressionfittings, or any other method of coupling two pipes together. Asillustrated, the main head 6 includes an inlet opening 54 in fluidconnection with the inlet 10 and an outlet opening 56 in fluidconnection with the outlet 12. As illustrated, the inlet opening 54extends out a first side 58 of the main head 6. The first side 58 is theside of the main head 6 that faces into the internal cavity formed bythe pressure vessel 4. The outlet opening 56 is encircled by a secondannular flange 60 that extends away from the first side 58 of the mainhead 6. The second annular flange 60 engages in the through hole 32 ofthe cartridge head 24. Additional flanges and gaskets may be included onthe first side 58 of the main head 6 to aid in seating and securing thecartridge 8 against the main head 6 in various implementations.

Referring to FIG. 6A, a sectional view of a first end 64 of animplementation of a second cartridge 62 is illustrated. As illustrated,the second cartridge 62 also includes a flow restrictor plate 66 with asingle opening 68 in the plate, but also has an orifice selector 70coupled with the flow restrictor plate 66 on the surface facing thecartridge head 72. The orifice selector 70 includes a plurality oforifices 74, 76, 78, 80, and 82 that have different diameters and areconfigured to align with the single opening 68 in the flow restrictorplate 66 as the orifice selector 70 is rotated about the point at whichit is coupled to the flow restrictor plate 66. As illustrated, one ofthe orifices 74 may be the same size as the single opening 68, or theymay be larger or smaller as desired.

Referring to FIG. 6B, a cross section view of the first end 64 of theimplementation of the second cartridge 62 illustrated in FIG. 6A isshown. As illustrated, the orifice selector 70 is coupled to the flowrestrictor plate 66 through a pivot 84 that extends into both theorifice selector 70 and the flow restrictor plate 66. One of theorifices 78 is shown aligned with the single opening 68 in the flowrestrictor plate 66 indicating that the amount of fluid flow (and theeffect/amount of the chemical within the cartridge 62 passing into thefluid) can be controlled or selected by the user through rotation of theorifice selector 70. In particular implementations, the orifice selector70 may also allow for the isolation of the chemical 86 in the cartridge62 from the fluid if the user rotates the orifice selector 70 to aportion of the orifice selector 70 that does not contain a through holeover the single opening 68. This may allow the user to perform startupand other tasks without expending the chemical 86 contained in thecartridge 62 or having to be concerned with effects caused by thechemical 86 while troubleshooting or repairing system problems.

Referring to FIG. 7, an implementation of a third cartridge 88 for achemical release system implementation is illustrated. As illustrated,the third cartridge 88 includes a cartridge head 90 coupled at a firstend 92 of the cartridge 88 with a through hole 94 therethroughconfigured to engage with a first annular flange 44 of the main head 6(similar to the other implementations disclosed in this document). Thecartridge 88 also includes a body 96 that may, in particularimplementations, form a substantially annularly cylindrical housing,though any of the other shapes for the body 96 disclosed in thisdocument may be utilized in various implementations. The body 96 alsohas an internal cross section formed by the perimeter of the interioredge of the body 96. A flow restrictor plate 98 is also included and islocated within the body 96 between the first end 92 and a second end 96of the body (not shown in this detail view). As in previousimplementations, the flow restrictor plate 98 is oriented substantiallyparallel to the cartridge head 90 and substantially conforms with theinternal cross section of the body 96 and contains only one opening 108therethrough. An internal flow body 100 is coupled to the flowrestrictor plate 98 at a first side 102 of the internal flow body 100and at the side 104 of the flow restrictor plate 98 that faces thesecond end of the cartridge 88. The internal flow body alsosubstantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body 96.

The internal flow body 100 includes a first opening 106 that extendsfrom the first side 102 of the internal flow body 100 through to asecond side 110 of the internal flow body 100 and aligns with the onlyone opening 108 in the flow restrictor plate 98. A second opening 112also opens into the internal flow body 100 from the second side 110 andjoins with a third opening 114 in a thickness 116 (width) of theinternal flow body 110. The third opening 114 is aligned substantiallyperpendicularly with the second opening (though it could be alignedsubstantially at an angle from perpendicular in various implementations)and also aligns with a first through hole 118 in a side of the body 96.The body 96 also includes one or more second through holes 120 in a sideof the body located between the flow restrictor plate 98 and thecartridge head 90. At the location within the internal flow body 110where the third opening 114 and the second opening 112 join, arecirculation zone 122 may be included in particular implementations.The recirculation zone 122 may be formed from the intersection of afourth opening 124 that extends inwardly from the first side 102 thathas a diameter larger than the second opening 112 and is aligned withthe second opening 112. In various implementations, the recirculationzone 122 may include at least one taper 126 at the location where thesecond opening 112 and the third opening 114 join. In variousimplementations, the diameter of the first opening 106 may be smallerthan a diameter of the second opening 112, though the diameters may bethe same or the diameter of the second opening 112 may be smaller inparticular implementations.

While the flow restrictor plate 98 and the internal flow body 100 areillustrated in the implementations shown in FIG. 7 as being nominallytwo separate pieces, in particular implementations they may beintegrally formed, and the distinctions regarding sides of theindividual components will no longer apply. In implementations where theflow restrictor plate 98 and the internal flow body 100 are formed asseparate pieces, they may be secured with in the body 96 and to eachother by gluing, welding, or any other fastening technique.

For the exemplary purposes of this disclosure, the measurements of animplementation of a third cartridge 88 like those disclosed in thisdocument are included. The diameter of the body 96 may be 2⅛ inches, andthe diameter of the through hole 94 in the cartridge head 90 may be 11/16 inches. The length of the body 96 from the first end 92 to thesecond end may be 19 1/16 inches. The thickness of the flow restrictorplate 98 may be ⅛ of an inch and the diameter of the flow restrictorplate 98 may be 2 inches. The thickness 116 of the internal flow body100 may be ⅝ of an inch and the diameter of the internal flow body 100may be 2 inches. The distance from the edge of the cartridge head 90that faces the second end to the edge of the flow restrictor plate 98that faces the cartridge head 90 may be ¾ of an inch. The only oneopening 108 in the flow restrictor plate 98 and the first opening 106 inthe internal flow body 100 may both have diameters of 3/16 of an inch.The diameter of the second opening 112, third opening 114, and fourthopening 124 in the internal flow body 100 may be ¼ inch, ⅜ inch, and ½inch, respectively. The diameter of the first through hole 118 in theside of the body 96 and the diameter of the one or more second throughholes 120 in a side of the body 96 may be equal and be ⅜ of an inch. Inparticular implementations, however, the diameters of the first throughhole 118 and of the one or more second through holes 120 may bedifferent. The chemical included in the cartridge 88 may be thatmarketed under the tradename Citryne® and may be enclosed in a permeablebag.

Use.

Referring to FIG. 5, implementations of first cartridges 8 may operatein conjunction with a main head 6 and pressure vessel 4 as follows whenwater is used as the working fluid: Water from inlet 10 flows down inletopening 54 to fill the internal cavity of the pressure vessel 4. Waterfrom the internal cavity then flows through the through holes 34 intothe space between the canister head 24 and the flow restrictor plate 36and passes through the single opening 38 in the flow restrictor plate36. Because there are no other openings in the cartridge 8 that canallow water from the inlet opening 54 to enter the cartridge 8, all ofthe water that flows through chemical release system 2 enters thethrough holes 34 on its way to the outlet 12. The water that passesthrough the single opening 38 in the flow restrictor plate 36 encountersthe chemical in the cartridge and some of the chemical dissolves in thewater. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that movementof the dissolved chemical into the water above the flow restrictor plate36 in implementations of a first cartridge 8 is driven primarily bydiffusion of the dissolved chemical through the water in the singleopening 38 in the flow restrictor plate 36. Dissolved chemical that haspassed through the single opening 38 in the flow restrictor plate 36 ismixed with water passing through the through holes 34, enters the outletopening 56, and moves out the outlet 12. Implementations of secondcartridges 62 also operate in a similar way with the water and dissolvedchemical passing through the particular orifice and single opening onits way out to the outlet.

Referring to FIG. 7, implementations of third cartridges 88 operatesimilarly to the first cartridges 8 and second cartridges 62 except thatafter the water fills the internal cavity of the pressure vessel 4,water enters through the first through hole 118, the one or more secondthrough holes 120, through the only one opening 108 in the flowrestrictor plate 98, and the first opening 106 in the internal flow body100. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that the flowregime within third cartridge implementations 88 is as follows: Waterenters the first through hole 118 and passes through the third opening114 in the internal flow body 100, encountering the recirculation zone122, in implementations that have such a zone. In such implementations,it is believed that the water circulates in the space created by thefourth opening 124 in the internal flow body 100 and then passes throughthe second opening 112 in the internal flow body 100 into the spacebetween the internal flow body 100 and the chemical within the cartridge88. Chemical dissolves in the water and is carried along with the waterthrough the first opening 106 in the internal flow body 100 and throughthe only one opening 108 in the flow restrictor plate 98 where it mixeswith water that has passed through the one or more second through holes120. The mixed water then passes out the through hole 94 in thecartridge head 90 and moves to the outlet opening 56 to the outlet 12.

Implementations of chemical release systems 2 may be installed in eitherfree standing or wall or flat support configurations. Referring to FIG.5, in wall or flat support configurations, a bracket 128 may be usedwith a plurality of fastener holes 130 therethrough for fastening thechemical release system 2 to the wall or flat support. Any of a widevariety of configurations are possible using the principles disclosed inthis document.

In places where the description above refers to particularimplementations of chemical release systems, it should be readilyapparent that a number of modifications may be made without departingfrom the spirit thereof and that these implementations may be applied toother chemical release system implementations

1. A cartridge for a chemical release system, the cartridge comprising:a body coupled with a cartridge head at a first end and coupled with anend plug at a second end, the cartridge head comprising a through holeconfigured to engage with an annular flange in a main head, the bodyhaving an internal cross section; and a flow restrictor plate disposedwithin the body between the first end and the second end where the flowrestrictor plate is oriented substantially parallel to the cartridgehead within the body, includes only one opening therethrough, andsubstantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body;wherein the body comprises one or more through holes in a side of thebody located between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridge head.2. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a quantity ofscale-reducing chemical disposed within the body between the flowrestrictor plate and the end plug.
 3. The cartridge of claim 1, whereina diameter of the only one opening of the flow restrictor plate issmaller than a diameter of the one or more through holes in the side ofthe body.
 4. A cartridge for a chemical release system, the cartridgecomprising: a body coupled with a cartridge head at a first end andcoupled with an end plug at a second end, the cartridge head comprisinga through hole configured to engage with an annular flange in a mainhead, the body forming a substantially annularly cylindrical housinghaving an internal cross section; a flow restrictor plate disposedwithin the body between the first end and the second end wherein theflow restrictor plate is oriented substantially parallel to thecartridge head within the body, includes only one opening therethrough,and substantially conforms with the internal cross section of the body;and an internal flow body coupled to the flow restrictor plate at afirst side of the internal flow body and at a side of the flowrestrictor plate that faces the second end, the internal flow bodysubstantially conforming with the internal cross section of the body andcomprising: a first opening therein extending from the first side of theinternal flow body through a second side of the internal flow body, thefirst opening aligned with the only one opening of the flow restrictorplate; and a second opening therein extending inwardly from the secondside of the internal flow body and joining with a third opening in athickness of the internal flow body, the third opening alignedsubstantially perpendicularly with the second opening and aligned with afirst through hole in a side of the body; wherein the body comprises oneor more second through holes in a side of the body located between theflow restrictor plate and the cartridge head.
 5. The cartridge of claim4, further comprising a quantity of scale-reducing chemical disposedwithin the body between the internal flow body and the end plug.
 6. Thecartridge of claim 4, wherein the internal flow body further comprises arecirculation zone at a location within the internal flow body where thesecond opening and third opening join.
 7. The cartridge of claim 6,wherein the recirculation zone is formed by a fourth opening in theinternal flow body extending from the first side inwardly having adiameter greater than the second opening and aligned with the secondopening.
 8. The cartridge of claim 6, wherein the recirculation zonecomprises at least one taper at the location where the second openingand third opening join.
 9. The cartridge of claim 4, wherein a diameterof the first opening is smaller than a diameter of the second opening.10. The cartridge of claim 4, wherein a diameter of the first throughhole and a diameter of the one of more second through holes in the sideof the body are the same.
 11. A chemical release system comprising: apressure vessel comprising a unitary housing defining an internal cavityand an opening at a first end comprising a shoulder; a main head coupledto the pressure vessel at the shoulder with a first annular flange, themain head comprising an inlet opening therein and an outlet openingtherein, the inlet opening extending from an inlet into the main headand out a first side of the main head facing the internal cavity of theunitary housing and the outlet opening extending inwardly from the firstside of the main head and out an outlet of the main head, the outletopening encircled by a second annular flange extending from the firstside of the main head; and a cartridge coupled with the main head at thesecond annular flange, the cartridge comprising: a body coupled with acartridge head at a first end and coupled with an end plug at a secondend, the cartridge head comprising a through hole configured to engagewith the second annular flange, the body forming a substantiallyannularly cylindrical housing having an internal cross section; a flowrestrictor plate disposed within the body between the first end and thesecond end wherein the flow restrictor plate is oriented substantiallyparallel to the cartridge head within the body, includes only oneopening therethrough, and substantially conforms with the internal crosssection of the body; and an internal flow body coupled with the flowrestrictor plate at a first side of the internal flow body, the internalflow body substantially conforming with the internal cross section ofthe body and comprising: a first opening therein extending from thefirst side of the internal flow body through a second side of theinternal flow body, the first opening aligned with the only one openingof the flow restrictor plate; and a second opening therein extendinginwardly from the second side of the internal flow body and joining witha third opening in a thickness of the internal flow body, the thirdopening aligned substantially perpendicularly to the second opening andaligned with a first through hole in a side of the body; wherein thebody comprises one or more second through holes in a side of the bodylocated between the flow restrictor plate and the cartridge head. 12.The chemical release system of claim 11, wherein the cartridge furthercomprises a quantity of scale-reducing chemical disposed within the bodybetween the internal flow body and the end plug.
 13. The chemicalrelease system of claim 11, wherein the internal flow body furthercomprises a recirculation zone at a location within the internal flowbody where the second opening and third opening join.
 14. The chemicalrelease system of claim 13, wherein the recirculation zone is formed bya fourth opening in the internal flow body extending from the first sideinwardly having a diameter greater than the second opening and alignedwith the second opening.
 15. The chemical release system of claim 13,wherein the recirculation zone comprises at least one taper at thelocation where the second opening and third opening join.
 16. Thechemical release system of claim 11, wherein a diameter of the firstopening is smaller than a diameter of the second opening.
 17. Thechemical release system of claim 11, wherein a diameter of the firstthrough hole and a diameter of the one of more second through holes inthe side of the body are the same.